Applegate, Edd, ed. The Ad Men and Women: A Biographical Dictionary of Advertising. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994.

How It was in Advertising, 1776-1976. Chicago: Crain Books, 1976.

Hower, Ralph M. The History of an Advertising Agency: N.W. Ayer & Son at Work. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1949.

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